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16 Put the Testimony, which I am about to give to you, into the ark. 17 Make an atonement seat[a] of pure gold, forty-five inches long and twenty-seven inches wide. 18 Make two cherubim[b] of hammered gold. You are to make them for the two ends of the atonement seat.

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Footnotes

  1. Exodus 25:17 The Hebrew word kapporet refers to an object that pertains to atonement. It can be translated atonement cover or place of atonement. The traditional rendering mercy seat is based on the translation of Luther, Gnadenstuhl, throne of grace. Luther recognized that the chief function of the kapporet was not to cover the ark, but to serve as the footstool of the Lord. The atoning blood was being presented at the foot of God’s throne.
  2. Exodus 25:18 For a description of cherubim, the angels who are God’s attendants, see Ezekiel 1.